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Copy editing (also copy-editing or copyediting, sometimes abbreviated ce) is the work that an editor does to improve the formatting, style, and accuracy of text. Unlike general editing, copy editing might not involve changing the content of the text. ''Copy'' refers to written or typewritten text for typesetting, printing, publication, broadcast or other independent distribution. In the context of publication in print, copy editing is done before typesetting and again before proofreading, the latter of which is the last step in the editorial cycle. In the US and Canada, an editor who does this work is called a ''copy editor''. An organisation's highest-ranking copy editor, or the supervising editor of a group of copy editors, may be known as the ''copy chief'', ''copy desk chief'', or ''news editor''. In book publishing in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world that follow British nomenclature, the term ''copy editor'' is used, but in newspaper and magazine publishing, the term is ''sub-editor'' (or the unhyphenated ''subeditor''), commonly shortened to ''sub''. The senior sub-editor on a title is frequently called the ''chief sub-editor''. As the "sub" prefix suggests, copy editors typically have less authority than regular editors.〔(Ethics of using language editing services in an era of digital communication and heavily multi-authored papers ). George A. Lozano. Retrieved 24 July 2014〕 The term ''copy editor'' may also be spelled as one word or in hyphenated form (''copyeditor'' and ''copy-editor''). The hyphenated form is especially common in the UK; in the US newspaper field, use of the two-word form is more common. ==Overview== The "five Cees" summarize the copy editor's job, which is to make the copy "clear, correct, concise, comprehensible, and consistent." According to one guide, copy editors should "make it say what it means, and mean what it says".〔Julia Armstrong, () "Copyediting and proofreading"], University of Toronto, p. 2. *Peter Lyons and Howard J. Doueck, ''The Dissertation: From Beginning to End'', Oxford University Press, 2010, (p. 170 ).〕 Typically, copy editing involves correcting spelling, punctuation, grammar, terminology, jargon, and semantics, and ensuring that the text adheres to the publisher's style or an external style guide, such as the ''Chicago Manual of Style'' or the ''Associated Press Stylebook''. Copy editors may shorten the text, to improve it or to fit length limits. This is particularly so in periodical publishing, where copy must be cut to fit a particular layout, and the text changed to ensure there are no "short lines". Often, copy editors are also responsible for adding any "display copy", such as headlines, standardized headers and footers, pullquotes, and photo captions. And, although proofreading is a distinct task from copy editing, frequently it is one of the tasks performed by copy editors. Copy editors are expected to ensure that the text flows, that it is sensible, fair, and accurate, and that any legal problems have been addressed. If a passage is unclear or an assertion seems questionable, the copy editor may ask the writer to clarify it. Sometimes, the copy editor is the only person, other than the writer, to read an entire text before publication and, for this reason, newspaper copy editors are considered the publication's last line of defense. The role of the copy editor varies considerably from one publication to another. Some newspaper copy editors select stories from wire service copy; others use desktop publishing software to do design and layout work that once was the province of design and production specialists. In the setting of academic publishing, scholarly journals also employ copy editors to prepare manuscripts for publication. To distinguish themselves from copy editors working in journalism, these editors sometimes refer to themselves as manuscript editors. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「copy editing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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